En una solicitada publicada en los principales diarios, el Instituto Argentino del Petróleo y del Gas (IAPG) advierte sobre la oportunidad que representa la explotación de recursos no convencionales de hidrocarburos para el horizonte energético de nuestro país.

“Vaca Muerta es nuestro mayor reservorio de hidrocarburos no convencionales”, asegura el IAPG, que detalle que el volumen total de estos recursos “equivale a aumentar en 25 veces” el potencial del gas y del petróleo que existe hoy en el territorio argentino, “garantizando la energía para los próximos 100 años”. Aclara que “la única diferencia que existe con el petróleo y el gas que conocemos es la técnica de extracción, que requiere utilizar arena y agua a alta presión”.

En cuanto a los “mitos y verdades” que circulan en torno a la técnica del fracking o “fractura hidráulica”, se destaca que no se ponen en riesgo las napas de agua porque en nuestro país “los acuíferos de agua dulce se encuentran a un máximo de 300 metros de profundidad, separados por no menos de 2 kilómetros de roca de los hidrocarburos no convencionales (shale) que se encuentran mucho más profundos”. Añade que “los pozos se protegen con entubamiento de acero y cemento que impiden cualquier contacto con el agua”.

Por otro lado, se aclara que los volúmenes de agua utilizados en la estimulación hidráulica “son muy inferiores a los que se utilizan en otras actividades”. Citando específicamente el caso de Neuquén, se afirma que “se utilizará menos del 0,1% del caudal de los ríos frente al 5% que se utiliza para el riego, la industria y el consumo humano”, mientras “el 95% restante desagua en el mar”. También se puntualiza, respecto de los aditivos químicos utilizados, que se encuentran en “concentraciones muy bajas”, “nunca entran en contacto con el medio ambiente” y la mayoría de ellos “se usan en la vida cotidiana” en productos como cosméticos, bebidas y artículos de higiene y limpieza.

Por último se desmiente que la estimulación hidráulica provoque terremotos y, en relación a la contaminación del agua potable, se informa que la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) de EE.UU. -país con mayor desarrollo de esta tecnología- “no encontró pruebas de que esta tecnología afecte el medio ambiente”. Se aclara, finalmente, que los únicos países que han prohibido esta tecnología son Francia y Bulgaria, que por otra parte “no tienen ningún antecedente en la perforación de este tipo de pozos”; mientras que Gran Bretaña decidió levantar la moratoria declarada al respecto.

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